Các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến là: say/ think/ believe/ report/ consider...
Chủ động |
People/ they + say/think/believe... + (that) + S + V |
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Bị động |
Cách 1: It is/was said…….. that + S + V |
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Cách 2: S + am/is/are/was/were + said + |
to_V + O (cùng thì) |
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to have + V3/ed + O (trước thì) |
Ex: - People said that he was nice to his friends.
Cách 1: It was said that he was nice to his friends.
Cách 2: Vì 2 mệnh đề "People said" và "he was nice to his friends" cùng thì quá khứ nên ta sẽ có đáp án là:
->He was said to be nice to his friends.
- People said that he had been nice to his friends.
Cách 1: It was said that he had been nice to his friends.
Cách 2: Vì mệnh đề "He had been nice to his friends" trước thì mệnh đề "he was nice to his friends" (said là thì quá khứ đơn nhưng had been là quá khứ hoàn thành) nên ta sẽ có đáp án là:
->He was said to have been nice to his friends.
Các động từ chỉ tri giác là: see, hear, notice, feel...
Đối với câu bị động có 2 tân ngữ, chúng ta sẽ có 2 cách làm. Ngoài ra ta cần thêm các giới từ "to" hoặc "for" trước tân ngữ khi chuyển sang câu bị động.
Ví dụ 1: My mother gives me a cake.
Trong đó:
Tân ngữ 1 là "me"
Tân ngữ 2 là "a cake"
→ I am given a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is given to me by my mother.
Ví dụ 2: My mother makes me a cake.
→ I am made a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is made for me by my mother.
Trong đó, động từ chính (V) thường là: Keep, remember, find, see….
Ví dụ:
- She kept me waiting.
→ I was kept waiting
- They saw the thief climbing over the wall.
→ The thief was seen climbing over the wall.
Câu chủ động |
S + have + sb + V_inf + sth |
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S + get + sb + to_V + sth |
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Câu bị động |
S + have/get + sth + V3/ed + (by + sb) |
Ví dụ:
- I have the mechanic fix my car.
→ I have my car fixed by the mechanic
- My mother gets me to wash the dishes.
→ I get the dishes washed by my mother.
Would like/ would love + To_inf + O
Would like/ would love + sb + To_inf + O
Ví dụ:
- I would like to give Mary a nice present.
→ I would like Mary to be given a present.
- I would love someone to take me out to dinner.
→ I would love to be taken out to dinner.
Something + need/ want + V_ing/ to be V3/ed : mang nghĩa bị động
Ví dụ:
Your hair needs cutting = Your hair need to be cut.
(Tóc bạn cần được cắt)
The garden wants to be weeding = The garden wants weeding.
(Mảnh vườn cần được làm cỏ)
Các gerund theo sau một số động từ như advise, suggest, recommend... được thay bằng "should be V3/ed" trong câu bị động.
Ví dụ:
They advised employing part time workers
→ They advised that part time workers should be employed
Câu chủ động |
It’s one’s duty to_V (Đó là nhiệm vụ của ai để làm gì) |
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Câu bị động |
S + be + supposed + to_V |
Ví dụ:
It's your duty to do this work.
→ You are supposed to do this work.
Câu chủ động |
It’s impossible + to do sth (Không thể làm gì) |
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Câu bị động |
S + can’t + be + V3/ed |
Ví dụ:
It is impossible to repair that machine.
→ That machine can't be repaired
Đối với các động từ crowd, fill, cover thì ta dùng "with" thay cho "by"
Ví dụ:
Clouds cover the sky.
→ The sky is covered with clouds.
Ví dụ:
- The Queen slept in this bed.
→ This bed was slept in by the Queen.
- Someone will care for her children while she is away.
→ Her children will be cared for while she is away.
Trong câu chủ động, theo sau động từ MAKE là động từ nguyên mẫu V_inf thì trong câu bị động sẽ chuyển thành To_inf.
Ví dụ:
They made me go.
→ I was made to go.