Reading / Unit 1: Conditionals (Mệnh đề điều kiện)

Ngày đăng: 2015-12-17

1. Câu điều kiện loại I:

To express a true situation in the present/ future.

(Diễn tả tình huống có thật ở hiện tại và tương lai).

Form: If S +V(present simple), S + will + V infinitive

Eg: If I see him this afternoon, I will tell him about it

2. Câu điều kiện loại II:- To express an untrue situation in the present/ future.
(Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại.)

Form: S + V-ed/ were/could, S + would/could/might + V infinitve.

Eg: If I were younger, I would apply for that position
If I could swim, I would go swimming with you now.

3. Câu điều kiện loại III:

To express an untrue situation in the past.

(Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ.)

Form: S + had + V past participle, S + would/could/might have + past participle.

Eg: If they had enough time, they would have seen a movie yesterday.

4. Omission of If (Dạng rút gọn của IF thường gặp trong bài thi TOEIC)
If can be omitted, provided that the subject and verb are inverted

If you agree to the offer, please sign the contract. (Câu điều kiện loại I)

Should you agree, please sign the contract.

If I were in your shoes, I would not say so. (Câu điều kiện loại II)

Were I in your shoes, I would not say so.

If I had been there at that moment, I would have helped you. (Câu điều kiện loại III)

Had I been there at the moment, I would have helped you.

Creat sentences with the same meaning by omitting if.
1. If you should need more money. go to the bank before six o’clock.
-> Should you need more money, go to the bank before six o’clock.
2. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
->....................................................................................................................
3. If they had realized the danger, they would have done it differently.
->....................................................................................................................
4. If I were your teacher, I would insist you do better job.
->....................................................................................................................
5. If you should change your mind, please let me know immediately.
->....................................................................................................................
6. She would have gotten the job if she had been better prepared.
->....................................................................................................................

5. Implied Conditions (Câu điều kiện ám chỉ)
Eg1: I would have gone with you, but I had to study.
Would have gonelà vế hai của câu điều kiện loại 3, hàm ý điều không có thật trong quá khứ, nên câu trên ý nói “Lẽ ra tôi đã đi với bạn” nhưng thực ra đã không đi vì lúc đó “Tôi phải học”.
Eg2: I never would have succeeded without your help. (If you hadn’t helped me...)
Eg3: She ran; otherwise, she would have missed her bus. (If she hadn’t run.......)

Identify the implied conditions by creating sentences using if-clauses.
1. I would have visited you, but I didn’t know that you were at home.
-> I would have visited you if I had known you were at home.
2. It wouldn’t have been a good meeting without Rosa.
->....................................................................................................................
3. I would have answered the phone, but I didn’t here it ring.
->....................................................................................................................
4. I couldn’t have finished the work without your help.
->....................................................................................................................
5. I like to travel. I would have gone to Nepal last summer, but I didn’t have enough money.
->....................................................................................................................
Complete the sentences with your own words
1. I would have......, but I didn’t have enough time.
->....................................................................................................................
2. I couldn’t have............... without my parents’help.
->....................................................................................................................
3. I would.........., but I don’t have enough money.
->....................................................................................................................
4. I ran out of time. Otherwise, I would have.................
->....................................................................................................................
5. I could................, but I don’t want to.
->....................................................................................................................
6. I set my alarm for six everyday. Otherwise, I would.................
->....................................................................................................................

6. Tenses in as if… /I wish…/ It’s time… Clause (Thì của động từ trong câu As if, I wish…)

… as if + S+ subjunctive verb: Để diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại,

người ta dùng cấu trúc sau:
As if (cứ như là/ như thể) + I/you/she/he/it/they + were/ V-ed/ could…
Eg: Mary acted as if she were a doctor (thực tế bây giờ cô ấy không phải là bác sĩ.)

Hoặc ta cũng dùng; I/you/she/he/it/they had + past participle để nói đến tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ.

Eg: Nick spoke as if he had not known the time to meet me. (Nick knew the time.)

Verb forms of the I wish clause: which is used when the speaker wants something to be the opposite to reality or when one makes wishes about the futre.